Significance of the Caliphate
Due to the rise and fall of ISIS, the notion of the caliphate has been in the news recently and so I wanted to give you guys a primer on the history and the significance of this notion with reference to the Ottoman Empire, especially since it may play a role in our committee. The caliphate first emerged as an institution in the wake of the death of Prophet Muhammed in 632. Since he did not nominate a successor, the Muslim community (ummah) designated its new leader, known as the ‘khalifa’ or ‘caliph’. However, with the passage of time and the spreading and fracturing of the ummah, the caliphate began to assume a more temporal and less religious significance, while also becoming a title of hereditary transmission, similar to a traditional monarchy. Throughout history, there have been 4 major caliphates: the Rashidun Caliphate (632-661), the Umayyad Caliphate (661-750), the Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258) and the Ottoman Empire (1517 onwards). The Ottoman Empire, though nominally ...